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Names of Myanmar
The country popularly known in English as both Myanmar and Burma has undergone changes in both its official and popular names worldwide. The choice of names stems from the existence of two different names for the country in Burmese, which are used in different contexts.
The official English name was changed by the country's government from the "Union of Burma" to the "Union of Myanmar" in 1989, and still later to the "Republic of the Union of Myanmar", which since then has been the subject of controversies and mixed incidences of adoption.
==Burmese names==
In the Burmese language, Myanmar is known as either ''Myanma'' (မြန်မာ (:mjəmà)) or ''Bama'' (ဗမာ (:bəmà)). ''Myanma'' is the written, literary name of the country, while ''Bama'' is the spoken name of the country.〔According to the Scottish orientalist Henry Yule (Hobson-Jobson: ''A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and discursive'', London, 1886 (new edition edited by William Crooke, London, 1903), p.131) the term Myanma, for example, comes from ''Mran-mâ'', the national name of the Burmese people, which is pronounced ''Bam-mâ'' by Burmeses themselves, except when speaking in formal or emphatic way. Cited in Franco Maria Messina, ''Quale nome per la Birmania?'' , Indiamirabilis, (in Italian), 2009.〕 Burmese, like Javanese and other languages of Southeast Asia, has different levels of register, with sharp differences between literary and spoken language.
Both names derive ultimately from the endonym of the largest ethnic group in Burma, the ''Bamar people'', also known as ''Bama'' or ''Burmans'' in the spoken register and ''Mranma'' or ''Myanma'' in the literary register. As such, some groups — particularly non-Bamar minorities — consider one or other (or indeed both) names to not be inclusive.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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